ITC Institutional Repository
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- issue permanent urls and trustworthy identifiers, including optional integrations with handle.net and DataCite DOI
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Communities in ITC IR
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- ITC offers several certified training programmes in a bid to enhance professionalism in the insurance industry in the region and beyond
- A dedicated repository for research and resources on insurance studies, created by the Insurance Training College to support the advancement of insurance education, industry practices, and policy development. This collection includes academic research, case studies, reports, and other valuable resources for students, educators, and professionals in the insurance field.
Recent Submissions
Herd behaviour and health insurance demand in Uganda
(Insurance Training College, 2025-02-26) Dr. Yusuf Katerega Ndawula
This study explores the impact of herd behavior on health insurance purchasing decisions in Uganda. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative data to examine the relationship between herd behavior and insurance demand, as well as its key determinants. A sample of 399 policyholders, drawn from Uganda’s eight licensed life insurance companies, was analyzed using surveys and interviews. Findings reveal that policyholders heavily rely on peers, family, and personal doctors when selecting health insurance, driven by social validation and a lack of confidence in independent decision-making. While herding can boost insurance uptake, it may lead to suboptimal choices affecting financial planning and satisfaction. The findings highlight the need for behaviorally informed insurance products and contribute to theoretical discussions on social influence in insurance markets.
Penetration of Takaful Insurance in Uganda.
(Insurance Training College, 2025-01-31) Munobe Williams & Wofuma Gorden
Providing direction for the penetration of Takaful insurance is expected to widen the insurance market and shield insurers against the exploitations of conventional insurance. Takaful insurance was introduced in Uganda and is still in its infant stages despite its market presenting a promising potential with the recent increase in the demand for Islamic products. Moreover, the available literature generically presents multiple factors for the penetration of Takaful insurance. The current study sought to explore and classify the diverse contextual determinants for the penetration of takaful insurance in Uganda which is a minority Muslim country. In line with the tenets of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the current study classifies the determinants to promote easy comprehension by the insurance practitioners on the key contextual determinants for the penetration of takaful insurance. The study relied on a pragmatism philosophical orientation with a sequential exploratory mixed research design involving collection of data at two levels to answer the research question by collecting data from the managers of 33 insurance companies and some customers of takaful products in Uganda. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis by considering the emerging themes on the three contextual determinants of informational, individual personality and demographic/social factors, while the quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The mixed findings revealed that informational, individual personality and demographic factors determines the penetration of takaful insurance in Uganda. Hence, we conclude that focusing on the three contextual determinants of demographic/social, informational and individual personality is paramount in influencing the intention of the public and other stakeholders in adopting takaful/Islamic insurance products in a minority Muslim country like Uganda. The findings of the study contributes to practice by providing empirical evidence to support the development of the takaful sector in Uganda. The study relied of descriptive analysis which did not establish the causal relationship between each of the identified determinants, hence future studies should establish the causal relationship between informational, demographic and individual personality determinants on the penetration of takaful insurance in Uganda or other minority Muslim countries to enrich the finding.
Exploring Microinsurance Opportunities in the Uganda Bottom of the Pyramid Market:
(Insurance Training College, 2025-01-31) Richard Mwebesa & Emmanuel Isiagi
Purpose: The increasing uncertainties from the volatile environment are exposing a wide group of world’s Bottom of Pyramid (BOP). In this case, microinsurance is considered the solution for the poor which the insurers should consider worthy exploiting. However, there is a gap between what insurers consider important and what customers would prefer if Insurers are to tap opportunities in the Microinsurance market. This study focused on exploring the microinsurance opportunities in the Ugandan bottom of the pyramid market and provide guidance on how insurers can tap into them from the perspective of both insurers and customers. The angle this study took was to establish a gap between what insurers thought was important and what customers considered important for microinsurance success by focusing on two areas. First, to identify the market entry requirements for the BOP market in Uganda and second, to examine the strategies required to tap microinsurance opportunities in Uganda’s BOP market.
Research approach: The study employed an imbedded research design where the study was largely quantitative and qualitative element in the study was used to supplement and provide elaborate explanations to the quantitative finding. Data was collected through questionnaires and interviews from the sample that composed of 60 managers (from the major insurance companies) and 120 microinsurance customers at the bottom of the pyramid classified as those that live on 1.04 dollar a day. A descriptive statistics analysis was used (paired t‐test and independent t‐test) to evaluate the gap between managers and customers perceptions on market entry requirements and strategies for consideration if insurers are to penetrate to microinsurance market in Uganda.
Findings: The results showed that there was a significant difference between customers and insurers perception on various market entry requirements and strategies for tapping microinsurance opportunities from the Ugandan BOP market. For instance, customers attached more importance on affordability (ability to purchase) and acceptability (meeting individual needs) more than awareness (continuous promotions) and accessibility (bring products close). Insurers, on the other hand, attached more importance on awareness and affordability. Furthermore, the results revealed significant difference between customers and insurers perception on what would be the appropriate microinsurance products, pricing, mode of payment and channel of communication for microinsurance success.
Practical implications: From the gap analysis, this study urges insurers to understand how customers perceive the microinsurance products so that insurers can be able to offer valuable microinsurance products that are tailored to demands of the customers at the bottom of the pyramid. Additionally, understanding the customers point of view enables insurers to identify and develop the most appropriate pricing, communication, delivery strategies and modes of payment appropriate for tapping microinsurance opportunities in the Uganda bottom of the pyramid market.
Key factors influencing adoption of Health Insurance in Mbale District in Eastern Uganda
(Insurance Training College, 2024-11-06) Stephen Nambwira; Tobias Onweng
The research investigated key factors that influence the adoption of health insurance in Mbale district. A survey research design was employed in which data was collected from randomly sampled respondents and a mixed method approach employed including qualitative and quantitative methods of data collection and analysis. A sample of 110 elements drawn for company employed and self-employed persons enrolled in five insurance companies was determined by using Krejcie and Morgan Table of Sample Size Determination (Krejcie and Morgan, 1970). Clients of five insurance companies using health insurance were selected. Five key informants comprising managers of insurance companies were purposively selected. Data was collected from key informants using key informants’ interviews and from clients using semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data was analyzed using frequencies and percentages. Content analysis technique was used to analyze qualitative data from key informants. Results show that key factors that motivate clients to enroll for health insurance included requirements from their companies that they enroll, the desire to get treated easily when they are sick and the fear of spending out of pocket when they get sick. Factors that made it easy or facilitated clients to enroll for health insurance included employment status, awareness of health insurance, educational status and income availability. The research concluded that key factors that influence adoption of health insurance included requirement by companies and desire to be benefit from easy treated when sick. According to key informants’ motivation to enroll in health insurance included awareness of the benefits of insurance, affordability of insurance premium and quality of health services. The research recommended that the public should be sensitized about the benefits and importance of insurance to increase enrollment of uptake, and health insurance should be made affordable to increase access of low-income communities to health insurance service.
Factors affecting the uptake of Agriculture Insurance by farmers in Ankole sub-region, South Western Uganda
(Insurance Training College, 2024-11-06) Patrick Tumwesiga; Boaz Mujuni
Over several decades, agriculture has remained the backbone of the Uganda’s economy. The government of Uganda introduced the agriculture insurance scheme as one of the initiatives to reduce agricultural risks. However, the uptake of agriculture insurance is still low among farmers in Uganda and southwestern Uganda is not an exception. There is a wide knowledge gap on the factors limiting the uptake of agriculture insurance by farmers in rural southwestern Uganda and this study is conducted to fill the gap. The study employed a cross-sectional survey design to collect data from 384 farming households from three selected districts in Ankole sub-region; Kazo, Kiruhura and Isingiro. Data was collected using face-to-face surveys conducted with household heads. In the analysis, descriptive statistics were generated using SPSS version 21.0 and results were presented in frequency tables, graphs and charts. The study findings revealed that the most significant factors affecting uptake of agriculture insurance among farmers in Ankole sub-region are low level of income affecting affordability, lack of education affecting knowledge and awareness, low expectation of risk occurrence, trust issues against insurance providers, limited accessibility of agricultural insurance policies by farmers and stringent terms and conditions surrounding agricultural insurance. The study concluded that the low uptake of agricultural insurance by farmers in Ankole sub region is largely explained by socioeconomic factors and institutional factors. Hence, addressing these challenges is key to improving insurance uptake in the region. The study provided several recommendations that can be adopted by the government, insurance companies and other stakeholders in the agro insurance consortium in order to improve uptake of agriculture insurance. These include farmer education and sensitization, extensive marketing campaigns, increased outreach of insurance offices and increased collaboration between insurance stakeholders.