ITC Institutional Repository
Welcome to the ITC Institutional Repository, a platform that enables ITC to:
- easily ingest documents, audio, video, datasets and their corresponding Dublin Core metadata
- open up this content to local and global audiences, thanks to the OAI-PMH interface and Google Scholar optimizations
- issue permanent urls and trustworthy identifiers, including optional integrations with handle.net and DataCite DOI
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Communities in ITC IR
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- ITC offers several certified training programmes in a bid to enhance professionalism in the insurance industry in the region and beyond
- A dedicated repository for research and resources on insurance studies, created by the Insurance Training College to support the advancement of insurance education, industry practices, and policy development. This collection includes academic research, case studies, reports, and other valuable resources for students, educators, and professionals in the insurance field.
Recent Submissions
Diversity, equity, and inclusivity in life insurance uptake: A systematic review of global evidence with insights from Uganda
(Insurance Training College, 2026-06-08) Patrick Tumwesiga And Boaz Mujuni
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
Life insurance plays a vital role in enhancing financial protection and household resilience, yet its uptake in Uganda remains persistently low despite growing awareness. Previous studies have explored determinants of participation, but few have synthesized this evidence systematically through the lens of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity (DEI). This study addressed this gap by reviewing empirical literature and reports of institutions such as Financial Sector Deepening Uganda on life-insurance uptake in Uganda and benchmarking it against global literature to understand how social, economic, and institutional factors shape participation.
METHODS
The study employed a systematic review design guided by PRISMA procedures. Twenty-three relevant sources including peer-reviewed journal articles, dissertations, and institutional reports published in different social science databases including ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, Sage Journals, Academia.edu, and institutional repositories and searched through different search engines like Google Scholar, multidisciplinary portals like JSTOR, citation trackers like Scopus/Web of Science, and open-access aggregators like CORE/BASE, ResearchGate, J-Gate and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). Inclusion criteria targeted studies examining life-insurance uptake in Uganda and comparable international contexts, emphasizing demographic and socio-economic determinants. Data were extracted and thematically analyzed along the DEI dimensions, focusing on education, income, gender, age, geography, marital status, and policy tenure. The review was theoretically anchored in Rational Choice Theory, the Capability Approach, and Institutional Theory, which together explain the behavioral, structural, and institutional dimensions of participation.
RESULTS
The findings revealed notable diversity in life-insurance uptake across demographic and socio-economic groups; however, this diversity was skewed toward the educated, higher-income earners, salaried professionals, married individuals, and urban residents. Uptake was dominant among younger and middle-aged adults and low among low-income and rural populations. Equity in access was constrained by affordability challenges, educational disparities, and urban concentration of insurers; factors that disadvantaged low-income households, the less educated, and rural residents. Inclusivity emerged as the weakest dimension, with older adults, informalsector workers, persons with disabilities, singles, and divorced individuals systematically excluded from meaningful participation. Comparative international evidence confirmed that these inequities reflect broader regional and global patterns observed in Kenya, India, Nigeria, and China.
CONCLUSION:
The review concludes that Uganda’s life-insurance landscape exhibits diversity without representativeness, equity without fairness, and inclusivity without reach. Participation remains concentrated among privileged groups, while affordability, geography, and institutional inertia limit access for vulnerable populations. Achieving genuine DEI requires deliberate reforms that promote financial literacy, digital and rural outreach, and inclusive product design. Policymakers should embed DEI benchmarks in regulatory frameworks, insurers should develop flexible and affordable micro-insurance products, and development partners should invest in awareness and digital innovation. Future research should examine longitudinal patterns of policy retention, experiences of marginalized groups, and the impact of digital and policy innovations on expanding inclusivity.
Evaluating the adoption of the online motor third party insurance payment system in Uganda
(Insurance Training College, 2026-06-09) Tom Elvis Okirya Ochola and Susan Mwebaza
This study examined the factors influencing the adoption of the online motor third-party (MTP) insurance payment system using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the theoretical framework. A mixed methods research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected from motorists through an online pre-tested semi structured questionnaire, while qualitative insights were obtained from interviews with key informants such as selected customers, traffic officers and insurance agents. The study targeted a population of 1,000 motorists, primarily from Kampala, alongside 20 customers and agents. A sample of 276 respondents was used.
The findings revealed that although there is a considerable level of awareness about the existence of the online MTP insurance payment system, its actual usage remains relatively low. While most users perceive the system as easy to use, several still encounter technical and procedural challenges that limit its perceived usefulness and hinder full adoption.
Practically, the findings provide valuable insights for insurers seeking to enhance customer adoption and for policymakers, particularly the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA) of Uganda, to develop strategies and policies that promote broader use of digital platforms in the insurance sector.
Board characteristics ownership concentration and performance of insurance companies
(Insurance Training College, 2026-06-08) Ndawula Yusuf Katerega and Samsom Rugambwa
The study investigates how board characteristics and ownership concentration shape the performance of insurance companies in Uganda, an emerging market where corporate governance practices operate within distinctive institutional constraints. Anchored in Agency and Institutional Theory, the research adopts a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, integrating quantitative analysis of insurance firms with qualitative insights from board members.
The results demonstrate that board characteristics particularly independence, diversity, size, and the effectiveness implied by meeting dynamics play a decisive and positive role in driving firm performance. This highlights the board not merely as a compliance requirement but as a strategic resource that materially contributes to organizational outcomes. In contrast, ownership concentration shows no meaningful direct influence on performance, nor does it alter the strength of the relationship between board governance and firm outcomes. This suggests that strong board structures retain their effectiveness regardless of how ownership is distributed.
Overall, the study emphasizes the primacy of board quality in enhancing performance within Uganda’s insurance sector and questions the universal relevance of governance models that emphasize ownership monitoring. The findings provide important implications for regulators seeking to refine governance frameworks and for insurance companies aiming to strengthen strategic oversight through more effective and thoughtfully constituted boards.
Herd behaviour and health insurance demand in Uganda
(Insurance Training College, 2025-02-26) Dr. Yusuf Katerega Ndawula
This study explores the impact of herd behavior on health insurance purchasing decisions in Uganda. Using a convergent parallel mixed-methods design, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative data to examine the relationship between herd behavior and insurance demand, as well as its key determinants. A sample of 399 policyholders, drawn from Uganda’s eight licensed life insurance companies, was analyzed using surveys and interviews. Findings reveal that policyholders heavily rely on peers, family, and personal doctors when selecting health insurance, driven by social validation and a lack of confidence in independent decision-making. While herding can boost insurance uptake, it may lead to suboptimal choices affecting financial planning and satisfaction. The findings highlight the need for behaviorally informed insurance products and contribute to theoretical discussions on social influence in insurance markets.
Penetration of Takaful Insurance in Uganda.
(Insurance Training College, 2025-01-31) Munobe Williams & Wofuma Gorden
Providing direction for the penetration of Takaful insurance is expected to widen the insurance market and shield insurers against the exploitations of conventional insurance. Takaful insurance was introduced in Uganda and is still in its infant stages despite its market presenting a promising potential with the recent increase in the demand for Islamic products. Moreover, the available literature generically presents multiple factors for the penetration of Takaful insurance. The current study sought to explore and classify the diverse contextual determinants for the penetration of takaful insurance in Uganda which is a minority Muslim country. In line with the tenets of the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB), the current study classifies the determinants to promote easy comprehension by the insurance practitioners on the key contextual determinants for the penetration of takaful insurance. The study relied on a pragmatism philosophical orientation with a sequential exploratory mixed research design involving collection of data at two levels to answer the research question by collecting data from the managers of 33 insurance companies and some customers of takaful products in Uganda. The qualitative data was analysed using content analysis by considering the emerging themes on the three contextual determinants of informational, individual personality and demographic/social factors, while the quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The mixed findings revealed that informational, individual personality and demographic factors determines the penetration of takaful insurance in Uganda. Hence, we conclude that focusing on the three contextual determinants of demographic/social, informational and individual personality is paramount in influencing the intention of the public and other stakeholders in adopting takaful/Islamic insurance products in a minority Muslim country like Uganda. The findings of the study contributes to practice by providing empirical evidence to support the development of the takaful sector in Uganda. The study relied of descriptive analysis which did not establish the causal relationship between each of the identified determinants, hence future studies should establish the causal relationship between informational, demographic and individual personality determinants on the penetration of takaful insurance in Uganda or other minority Muslim countries to enrich the finding.